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Dreams and eidetic hallucination are associated with high cholinergic modulation. 11 Similarly, the prolonged suppression of cholinergic activity and REM sleep due to deprivation or amphetamine abuse creates psychotic episodes which may be defined as bursts of dream activity erupting spontaneously into waking states.įigure 5 : Hobson's AIM model shows patterns of (A)ctivation, (I)nput gating, and (M)odulation in various states of consciousness. Drugs which increase aminergic activity, such as antidepressants, should also decrease dreaming. The interplay between these two systems acts like a tide between waking and sleeping worlds. Sleep-onset, sleeping, and dreaming are associated with an increase in ACh and cholinergic modulation of the brainstem and medial temporal lobe this occurs along with a proportional decrease in serotonin, norepinephrine, and aminergic activity in the pre-frontal cortex (PFC). 10 Acetylcholine (ACh) is the primary messenger of the brain’s cholinergic system, essential to hippocampal modulation of memory compression and recall. 8 In deep sleep and REM the stress chemical cortisol decreases communication between the hippocampus and neocortex, 9 and the process of REM and dreaming is stimulated by acetylcholine ( Fig. Nocturnal dream activity is a process of memory consolidation.
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Eidetic imagery in hallucination is associated with high ACh modulation.
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7įigure 4 : Acetylcholine (ACh) modulates the medial-temporal lobe during memory storage, recall, and dreaming. Deep sleep is associated with slow delta waves and low energy activation, while REM sleep and dreaming begin to produce beta activity and energy profiles similar to those seen in waking activity. The process of moving from waking to sleeping is associated with a move from high beta or alpha activity down to slower theta and delta ranges. The hippocampus is most active while awake and while dreaming. 6 Since the hippocampus is central in the formation, consolidation, and reconsolidation of all salient memory, we can also assume it is the source of salient eidetic hallucination. 5 The hippocampus receives perceptual information from the frontal cortex but is also wired tightly into the emotional limbic system and medial temporal lobe which is why strong memories always have an emotional component. The processes of dreaming, memory storage, and memory recall are managed by the hippocampus ( Fig. Hippocampal activation is associated with spontaneous eidetic hallucination and dreaming. The Hippocampus, ACh, Memory, and Dreamingįigure 3 : The hippocampus is located in the medial-temporal lobe, and is responsible for memory compression and recall. Holding the eyes still will increase intensity of progressive eidetic imagery flicking the eyes from side-to-side will wipe the visual memory buffer and cause eidetic images to rematerialize from scratch. Losing concentration for an instant can cause the eidetic image to fade away or shift into another image. The eidetic image may materialize, ooze, or pulse into clarity in response to the subject’s concentration and intent, developing slowly like a Polaroid photo or film-reel fade-in. The process of smoothing or locking onto an eidetic form in a psychedelic hallucination requires some minimal amount of focus and concentration to sustain. Psychedelic eidetics are progressive, which means they begin as non-durable form arising from patterns or noise, and then over a period of seconds drift, smooth, or lock into formal qualities which can be recognized as salient shapes ( Fig.
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Figure 2 : Eidetic hallucinations can arise progressively from complex stimulus, such as a piece of concrete revealing hidden fractal patterns, faces, or a Buddha sitting lotus.